What is the initial assessment required for all newborns immediately after birth?

The initial assessment of all newborns immediately after birth focuses on evaluating the key aspects of their transition to extrauterine life. This specific assessment includes checking the newborn’s term status, muscle tone, and whether they are breathing or crying.

Assessing term is crucial as it indicates whether the infant is at an appropriate gestational age for proper physiological function; tone shows the infant's neurological status, with decreased tone often suggesting potential complications; and observing the newborn’s breathing or crying is vital, as effective respiration is essential for oxygenation immediately after birth. These elements together inform the healthcare provider about the newborn's immediate need for resuscitation or additional support and are aligned with the principles of the Neonatal Resuscitation Program.

The other options, while they are important aspects of neonatal care, do not encompass the comprehensive and immediate assessment needed right after birth in the same way. For instance, heart rate and color are important indicators but are typically assessed as part of the broader evaluation that includes the elements listed in the correct answer. Similarly, factors like weight and length are important for later assessments but are not part of the critical, immediate assessment of the newborn's stability at birth.