When should supplemental oxygen be heat and humidified for a newborn?

Supplemental oxygen should be heated and humidified particularly when the baby exhibits labored breathing, as this condition often indicates that the infant requires more extensive respiratory support. The primary reason for utilizing heat and humidification in such cases is to maintain the appropriate temperature and moisture levels in the air that the newborn breathes, preventing potential airway irritation and ensuring optimal lung function.

When an infant shows signs of respiratory distress, the risks associated with delivering dry, cold oxygen—such as airway inflammation, irritation, and further respiratory complications—are heightened. Providing heated and humidified supplemental oxygen enhances gas exchange and helps promote better outcomes for the infant in distress.

In contrast, applying heat and humidification in scenarios where the infant is stable or when hypothermia is present might not be necessary unless there's a concurrent indication for respiratory support. Additionally, while labored breathing is a clear indicator for enhanced oxygen support, the other options do not address the specific conditions warranting heated and humidified oxygen for the well-being of the newborn.