Which of the following scenarios is an indication for positive pressure ventilation?

Positive pressure ventilation is indicated when a newborn is not adequately breathing on their own and has a heart rate below 100 beats per minute. This situation is critical as it may indicate that the newborn is struggling to establish effective respiration, which is essential for oxygenating the blood and supporting vital functions.

When the heart rate is below 100 bpm, it signals that the baby is likely experiencing some form of hypoxia or respiratory distress, which can lead to further complications if not addressed promptly. Positive pressure ventilation helps to provide adequate air into the lungs, assisting with the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. This intervention is crucial for stabilizing the newborn’s condition and ensuring they receive the necessary oxygen to initiate normal physiological responses and recovery.

In contrast, scenarios where the baby is healthy, crying, has a normal heart rate above 100 bpm, or is breathing spontaneously do not require positive pressure ventilation, as these indicate effective respiratory efforts and sufficient cardiovascular function.